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The 1999 ReportCONTENTS OVERVIEW
(pdf) TEN YEARS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 15 CHAPTER ONE (pdf) Human development in this age of globalization 25 The world has changed 28 Global integration—rapid but unbalanced 30 Social fragmentation—reversals in progress and threats to human security 36 What’s to be done? 43 CHAPTER TWO (pdf) New technologies and the global race for knowledge 57 The race for knowledge 57 The new technologies—drivers of globalization 57 Access to the network society—who is in the loop and on the map? 61 The new rules of globalization—shaping the path of technology 66 Impacts on people 68 The need to reshape technology’s path 72 CHAPTER THREE (pdf) The invisible heart—care and the global economy 77 Human development, capabilities and care 77 Care—or “tender loving care” 78 Globalization and care 79 Care and market rewards 80 Redistributing the costs and responsibilities of care—to family, state and corporation 80 The challenge of care in the global economy 81 CHAPTER FOUR (pdf) National responses to make globalization work for human development 84 Capturing global opportunities 84 Protecting people against vulnerabilities 90 Overcoming the resource squeeze 92 Generating pro-poor growth—reducing inequalities and enhancing human capabilities 94 Creating effective alliances of national actors 95 Formulating strategies for emerging new issues in the global system 96 CHAPTER FIVE (pdf) Reinventing global governance—for humanity and equity 97 Putting human concerns and rights at the centre of global governance 98 Protecting human security in economic crisis 101 Reducing other causes of human insecurity 103 Narrowing global gaps 104 Specific actions to strengthen the bargaining position of poor countries in global governance 108 Start now to build the global architecture required for the 21st century 110 All these actions begin with people 114 SPECIAL CONTRIBUTION Partnership with the United Nations Ted Turner 100 BOXES 1.1 Globalization—what’s really new? 30 1.2 Shrinking time, shrinking space, disappearing borders—but for whom? 31 1.3 The concept of human security 36 1.4 Merry Christmas—and have a Happy New Year elsewhere 37 1.5 The collapse of the East Asian financial markets—economies recovering, but human recovery will take longer 40 1.6 Buildup and reversal of short-term capital flows—lessons of East Asia 41 1.7 Why crime syndicates like globalization 43 2.1 What is the Internet? 58 2.2 HealthNet for better patient care 59 2.3 Defending Gorbachev, defeating the Multilateral Agreement on Investment—how the Internet made a difference 60 2.4 Trading places—the rise of data processing 61 2.5 Innovating with the Internet 64 2.6 Preparing for the information age—set the wheels in motion 66 2.7 What is TRIPS? 67 2.8 Ethics and technology—a luxury concern? 72 2.9 Questioning the ownership of knowledge 73 2.10 Rerouting the genetic revolution—the CGIAR proposal 74 3.1 If we are going to compete, let it be in a game of our choosing 78 3.2 Globalization leads to the feminization of labour—but the outcome is mixed 80 3.3 More paid work doesn’t reduce unpaid work 81 3.4 Support for men’s child-care responsibilities in Western Europe 82 4.1 More trade, more capital, more human deprivation—Russia 85 4.2 Opening the Polish economy with institutional reforms 86 4.3 Liberalizing foreign investment in India 87 4.4 Foreign direct investment for human development in Malaysia 88 4.5 Incentives to multinationals—and nationals—in Mauritius 88 4.6 Short-term capital controls in Chile 89 4.7 Revealing the human trafficking in Eastern Europe and the CIS 89 4.8 Social protection for Tunisia’s poor 90 4.9 Ireland’s social partnership agreements 91 4.10 Upgrading skills and achieving worker flexibility in Sweden 92 4.11 Responses to the eroding welfare state 93 4.12 NGOs as a powerhouse in national alliances 96 4.13 Meeting the challenges of globalization—Fundación Chile 96 4.14 Using national human development reports to outline impacts and priorities 96 5.1 Keynes’s vision for global governance 98 5.2 The successes and failures of global governance since 1945 99 5.3 Social auditing of multinational corporations 101 5.4 Globalization without Poverty—a European initiative 101 5.5 Global crime—the international response 104 5.6 Renegotiating Lomé—one size doesn’t fit all 105 5.7 Developing countries and trade—active participation in the millennium round 106 5.8 Debt—a need for accelerated action 107 5.9 NGOs and global advocacy 110 5.10 Global public goods—the missing element 111 ANNEX TABLES A1.1 Trade flows 45 A1.2 Resource flows 49 A1.3 Information flows 53 BOX TABLES 1.1 Declining cost of transport and communications 30 3.3 Time spent in paid and unpaid work in Bangladesh, 1995 81 TABLES 1.1 Top corporations had sales totalling more than the GDP of many countries in 1997 32 1.2 Unemployment rate in selected OECD countries 32 1.3 The Asian crisis hurts distant economies and people 42 2.1 Who has real access to intellectual property claims? 71 4.1 Trade, economic growth and human development—no automatic link 85 4.2 Foreign direct investment, economic growth and human development—no automatic link 87 4.3 Adjustment and greater income inequality, 1987–88 to 1993–95 92 4.4 Major and minor collectors of trade taxes, 1990–96 92 4.5 Social welfare systems and income inequality, 1998 94 5.1 Eight heavily indebted poor countries, 1995 108 5.2 External debt of the 41 heavily indebted poor countries, 1992–96 108 5.3 Who gets aid? 108 5.4 Global institutions and their membership 109 FIGURES Stark disparities between rich and poor in global opportunities 2 1.1 Global integration has progressed rapidly but unevenly . . . with wide disparity between countries 26 1.2 International telephone calls 28 1.3 Less than a third of television programming in Latin America originates in the region 34 1.4 Domestic film industries struggle to hold market share 34 1.5 Uneven ratification of human rights conventions 35 1.6 Inequality has worsened both globally . . . and within countries 38 1.7 Portfolio flows have brought severe volatility to many markets 41 1.8 Provisioning for human development 44 2.1 How long before new technologies gain widespread acceptance? 58 2.2 Software exports from India 61 2.3 Teledensity 62 2.4 Internet users—a global enclave 63 2.5 Worldwide mergers and acquisitions 67 2.6 The race for patents 68 2.7 Drug prices and patent costs 69 3.1 Four sources of caring labour 79 4.1 Differences in human development—Botswana and Mali, mid-1980s 85 4.2 Reduced revenue generation—loss of fiscal strength 93 4.3 Growth—pro-poor or pro-rich? 94 4.4 Subsidies to the poor or the rich? 95 References 115 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS (pdf) What do the human development indices reveal? 127 Monitoring human development: enlarging people’s choices . . . 1 Human development index 134 2 Gender-related development index 138 3 Gender empowerment measure 142 4 Human poverty in developing countries 146 5 Human poverty in industrialized countries, Eastern Europe and the CIS 149 6 Trends in human development and per capita income 151 7 Trends in human development and economic growth 155 Technical note. Computing the indices 159 . . . to lead a long and healthy life . . . (pdf) 8 Progress in survival 168 9 Health profile 172 . . . to acquire knowledge . . . 10 Education imbalances 176 . . . to have access to the resources needed for a decent standard of living . . . 11 Economic performance 180 12 Macroeconomic environment 184 13 Resource use imbalances 188 14 Aid flows from DAC member countries 192 15 Aid and debt by recipient country 193 . . . while preserving it for future generations . . . 16 Demographic trends 197 17 Energy use 201 18 Profile of environmental degradation 205 19 Managing the environment 209 . . . ensuring human security . . . 20 Food security and nutrition 211 21 Job security 215 22 Profile of political life 217 23 Crime 221 24 Personal distress 225 . . . and achieving equality for all women and men 25 Gender gaps in education 229 26 Gender gaps in economic activity 233 27 Gender gaps in work burden and time allocation 237 28 Gender gaps in political participation 238 29 Status of selected international human rights instruments 242 30 Basic indicators for other UN member countries 246 Note on statistics in the Human Development Report 247 Primary statistical references 251 Definitions of statistical terms 253 Classification of countries 257 Key to countries 260 Index to indicators 261 |
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